Raptors and Wind Turbines: Are Looser Regulations Endangering Migrations?

A Relaxation That Raises Concerns

On February 26, 2025, Le Devoir announced a decision by the Quebec government to relax environmental requirements for wind farms, especially concerning raptors. One of the most controversial measures is the removal of the obligation to assess the impact of wind turbines on the spring and fall migrations of raptors.

According to Le Devoir, “Quebec has chosen to ease environmental requirements imposed on wind farm developers regarding the protection of raptors, a decision that raises concerns among biologists and environmental groups.” (Le Devoir).

Migratory Corridors Left in Uncertainty

Raptors, such as the Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) and the Red-tailed Hawk (Buteo platypterus), are particularly vulnerable during their seasonal migrations. However, the new regulatory changes eliminate the obligation to conduct studies identifying migratory corridors used by these birds. Without these evaluations, it becomes difficult to know if wind farms are located along essential migratory routes, thus increasing the risk of disrupting critical pathways for their survival.

The absence of these analyses makes it uncertain how wind turbines impact raptors during their migrations. Without precise data on migratory corridors in the targeted areas, it is difficult to assess the potential repercussions of these infrastructures.

Fewer Follow-ups, More Uncertainty

The new regulations also reduce the requirements for post-construction monitoring of wind turbines’ impacts on raptors. Previously, regular reports on mortality were expected to better understand the extent of collisions between birds and wind turbine blades. Now, these follow-ups will be less frequent, making it even harder to assess the scale of the issue.

This could make it more challenging to implement mitigation measures to reduce risks. Many migratory species, such as the Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus) and the Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos), cross the province each year. Their vulnerability during these crucial migration periods is no longer systematically considered.

Wind Energy and Biodiversity: A Major Challenge

Wind energy plays a vital role in combating climate change, but its impact on biodiversity should not be overlooked. Many countries have implemented strict regulations concerning wind farms, particularly for bird migration zones. The goal is to ensure that renewable energy development does not lead to biodiversity loss.

With the new legislation, Quebec seems to be easing these constraints, questioning the balance between energy transition and ecosystem protection. Experts are concerned about the loss of mitigation measures that were previously in place to protect raptors during their migrations.

Measures to Reevaluate in the Future

The true impact of these legislative changes on raptor populations will only be measurable over time, once the first modified wind farm projects are operational. Biologists and experts continue to monitor the situation, and further adjustments may be necessary based on observed results. It will be crucial to maintain a flexible, science-based approach to minimize risks to raptors while still pursuing energy transition goals.

➡️ What do you think? Should wind turbines be more strictly regulated to protect raptors? Share your thoughts in the comments!