Wilson’s Phalarope: A Prairie Breeder Passing Through Quebec
Wilson's Phalarope (Phalaropus tricolor) is a distinctive shorebird known for its unique behavioral and ecological traits. While primarily associated with the prairies of North America, including western Canada, this species has been observed in various regions of Quebec in the past few weeks. Learn more about this species in this blog!
Taxonomy and Morphology
Scientific Classification:
Order: Charadriiformes
Family: Scolopacidae
Genus: Phalaropus
Species: Phalaropus tricolor
Morphological Characteristics:
- Size: Approximately 9 inches (23 cm) in length.
- Breeding Females: Exhibit vibrant reddish neck and flank patches, contrasting with a grayish back.
- Breeding Males: Display more subdued coloration, lacking the pronounced reddish markings.
Breeding Female
Breeding Male
Distribution and Occurrence in Quebec
Breeding Range: Wilson's Phalaropes primarily breed in the prairies of western Canada and the northern United States.
Migration: They are long-distance migrants, wintering in high-elevation lakes in the Andes and the Patagonian lowlands of South America. A few individuals end up in Quebec every year, but 2025 has already an exceptionnal number of records.
Breeding: There are 10 confirmed breeding records of this species in Quebec in the first breeding bird atlas (1984-1989), but 0 in the second atlas (2010-2014).
Migration: The species is considered a rare migrant through Quebec. A few individuals end up in Quebec every year, but 2025 has already an exceptionnal number of records.
Ebird reports with records of Wilson's Phalaropes in the current year (2025)
Gender Role Reversal
Wilson’s Phalaropes exhibit one of the most striking examples of gender role reversal in the avian world. In contrast to typical bird species, females are more brightly colored and take the lead in courtship, often competing aggressively for access to males. Once a female has laid her eggs, she typically leaves the male to incubate the clutch and raise the young alone. This reversal extends to their plumage and behavior, with the less conspicuous males assuming the traditionally “maternal” role, while females may seek additional mating opportunities. This unusual strategy is thought to be an adaptation to the brief breeding window in their prairie wetland habitat.
Feeding Behavior
Phalaropes have a distinctive feeding strategy that sets them apart from many other shorebirds. They forage primarily by swimming in tight, rapid circles on the surface of shallow water, creating small whirlpools or vortices. This spinning motion stirs up zooplankton, aquatic insects, and other invertebrates from the substrate, drawing them to the surface where the bird can easily pick them off with its slender bill. This behavior is particularly effective in nutrient-rich wetlands and saline lakes, where dense concentrations of prey are available. Unlike most shorebirds, which typically feed by probing or pecking along the shoreline, Wilson’s Phalaropes are well-adapted to a more aquatic, active feeding style.
Conclusion
Wilson’s Phalaropes are truly exceptional birds. From their reversed gender roles and graceful, vortex-style feeding to their incredible long-distance migrations. Though rare in Quebec, their occasional appearances add excitement to the province’s birding scene and highlight the ecological richness of our wetlands. Their unusual behaviors and striking plumage make them a favorite among ornithologists and bird enthusiasts alike. To celebrate this remarkable species, we created a design—crafted with the same attention to detail these birds deserve. Whether you're a seasoned birder or simply appreciate the wonders of nature, this design lets you wear your love for phalaropes with pride. Check it out and show your support for bird conservation in style!
Photos and text by
Laurent Bédard
